![]() George Marshall, later a leading military figure during World War 2 and defense secretary after the war. ![]() Leslie McNair who later earned the accolade of “Brain of the Army” and then Lt. military officers who fought in World War 1 like General John Pershing, then Col. General Grant’s war exploits influenced succeeding U.S. Half a century earlier, before Fayol’s famous book came out, General Ulysses Grant, General-in-Chief of the Union Army, unified “all northern military efforts under one brain” to defeat the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. It is one of the principles of war and continues to remain valid. While the unity of command principle applies to nearly all types of human organizations the military is at the forefront. But they are unimportant in comparison to the certainty of confusion, inefficiency and irresponsibility which arise from the violation of the principle.” Gulick also reechoed a biblical lesson: “A man cannot serve two masters.” Luther Gulick countered these arguments saying, “Any rigid adherence to the principle of unity of command may have it absurdities. ![]() They contend that this principle goes against the specialization principle and dual supervision of technical/operational and administrative. His proposition is supported by many thinkers and practitioners in public administration and business management like Marshall and Gladys Dimock, John Pfiffer, Robert Presthus, William Fox, Ivan Meyer, Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick.īut some management writers, like Frederick Taylor, Herbert Simon, Seckler-Hudson and J.D. One of these principles is “ unity of command.” Simply put, this principle means that subordinates must have, and receive orders from, only one superior.įayol posited that unity of command prevents dual subordination, avoids overlapping orders and instructions, enhances efficiency, and maintains discipline. French industrialist Henry Fayol, recognized by many as father of modern management and author of the book titled “Industrial and General Administration” published in 1916, identified 14 Principles of Management that serve as guidelines for managers to perform their duties and responsibilities.
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